• Pull-Up & Pull-Down Resistors
• Decoupling Capacitors
• Diodes
• Voltage Clippers
• Differential Signals

Preparing the Soldering Iron: Tinning the Tip

1. Place the soldering iron in its stand and plug it in.
2. Wait for the soldering iron to heat up.
3. Moisten the sponge.
4. Wipe the tip of the iron on the damp sponge. This will clean the tip.
5. Melt a little solder on the tip of the iron.
   • This is called tinning and it will help the heat flow from the iron’s tip to the joint.
   • The solder should flow onto the tip, producing a bright shiny surface.
   • If the solder will not flow onto the tip, clean it by wiping it on the wet sponge.
   • When tinned, wipe excess solder off on the wet sponge.
   • You do not need to tin the tip before every joint, but you should re-tin it if it has gone dull when the soldering iron has not been used for a few minutes.
   • Check the manufacturer’s instructions related to tinning the tip.
6. The tip of the soldering iron should be a shiny silver color. If it is black and pitted, replace it with a new one.

Soldering

1. Solder needs a clean surface on which to adhere.
   • Buff the copper foil of a PC board with steel wool before soldering.
   • Remove any oil, paint, wax, etc. with a solvent, steel wool, or fine sandpaper.
2. To solder, heat the connection with the tip of the soldering iron for a few seconds, then apply the solder.
   • Heat the connection, not the solder.
   • Hold the soldering iron like a pen, near the base of the handle.
   • Both parts that are being soldered have to be hot to form a good connection.
3. Keep the soldering tip on the connection as the solder is applied.
   • Solder will flow into and around well-heated connections
   • Use just enough solder to form a strong connection.
4. Remove the tip from the connection as soon as the solder has flowed where you want it to be. Remove the solder, then the iron.
5. Don’t move the connection while the solder is cooling.
6. Don’t overheat the connection, as this might damage the electrical component you are soldering.
   • Transistors and some other components can be damaged by heat when soldering. A crocodile clip can be used as a heat sink to protect these components.Soldering a connection should take just a few seconds.
   • If it is taking longer, see the troubleshooting section below. Inspect the joint closely. It should look shiny.
   • If you are soldering a wire (called the lead) onto a PC board (on the track), it should have a volcano shape
   • If the connection looks bad, reheat it and try again.
   • Unplug the soldering iron when it is not in use.

1. 1. READ the machine user manual , how it works the safety rules, etc. The basic functions on the mains screen are described here.

1. 1. Using two sided tape, attach the material to the machine table. As it should be tightly attached, I put that under the pressure for some time.
   2. Download the following .png files
      Traces for linetest
      Interior for linetest
      Traces for PCB
      Interior for PCB
   3. Go to fabmodules.org and follow these steps. First we are going to cut traces both for line test and PCB. For that in “process” part we have to choose PCB traces (1/64), because i’m going to use 1/64 end mill.

1. 1. Carefully attach the cutting tool to the machine as it shows in the manual. For that:
      • • Insert a cutting tool in a collet. Do not insert to the portion of an edge. When you use included cutting tool,refer to the following figure.
          
        • Tighten the set screw with hexagonal wrench.
        • Loosely tighten the collet with cutting tool

      

      • Fully tighten the collet.

      For changing the cutting tool:

      • Loosen the set screw with hexagonal wrench. Support lightly by hand not to drop a cutting tool.
      • Remove the cutting tool.
      • Attach the cutting tool which you want to use ,and tighten the setscrew
   2. Using the tools in the main screen on the programm, set the position of the tool in the place, when you want to start cutting and set X/Y/Z axises as 0 for G54 coordinate system. You can find more about G coordinate systems here.
   3. As I was going to cut two models on the same board, I used G54 and G55 systems.
   4. When cutting is finished, I did the same thing for the interiors of the line test and PCB base. For that I used 1/32 end mill.

1. 1. Check the results. According to the results of my line test, 1/64 end mill is not able to cut lines less than 0.15mm.

Here are the files I used for milling and cutting
Linetest
Linetest interior
PCB traces
PCB interior

• 1x ATtiny45
• 2x 1kΩ resistors
• 2x 499Ω resistors
• 2x 49Ω resistors
• 2x 3.3v zener diodes
• 1x red LED
• 1x green LED
• 1x 100nF capacitor
• 1x 2×3 pin header

I did soldering using this board scheme and having a ready one as an example.

1. 1. Install Avrdude. For Ubuntu , enter the following command, followed by your password when prompted:
      sudo apt install avrdude gcc-avr avr-libc make
   2. Download the firmware source code and extract the zip file. Open your terminal program and cd into the source code directory.
   3. Run make. This will build the hex file that will get programmed onto the ATtiny45. When the command completes, you should now have a file called fts_firmware.hex.
   4. I did’t update the Makefile because by default it assumes that you’re going to use a programmer in the usbtiny family
   5. Connect the programmer to the ISP header on the board and then using USB extension cable, connect to the USB port.
   6. Run make flash.
      You should see several progress bars while avrdude erases, programs, and verifies the chip.
   7. Run lsusb. If everything is done properly, you will see “Multiple Vendors USBtiny” in command line

1. Run the make fuses command.

To have a programmer board from my one, I had to do following steps:

1. Connect my ISP programmer to your board one more time, and run make rstdisbl.
   This does the same thing as the make fuses command, but this time it’s going to include that reset disable bit as well. You should see some progress bars, and with that, avrdude will never be able to talk to this chip again through the ISP header.
2. We need to disconnect VCC from the Vprog pin on the ISP header by removing the bridge on the solder jumper.